How do I print the call stack in PHP?

Richard C.

—March 15, 2024

The ProblemJump To Solution

When an error occurs in PHP and you want to understand the flow of program logic that occurred, it’s useful to be able to print the call stack — all the functions that were called up to this point.

The Solution

Use debug_print_backtrace();.

Below is a simple example PHP script with three functions called in sequence: A, B, and C. Function C prints the call stack:

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<?php
A("a");

function A($a) {
    B();
}

function B() {
    C();
}

function C() {
  debug_print_backtrace();
}
?>

Put this script in a file called test.php and run it with php test.php. The output is:

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#0 /home/user/test.php(10): C()
#1 /home/user/test.php(5): B()
#2 /home/user/test.php(19): A('a')

This is the fastest way to print the stack trace.

Print Without Function Parameters

The A('a') indicates the function A received parameters. You probably don’t need to see this, so to make the output neater use: debug_print_backtrace(DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS);.

Print Full Details

To print the full details of every call, including parameter values, use:

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var_dump(debug_backtrace());

The output will be:

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array(3) {
  [0]=>
  array(4) {
    ["file"]=>
    string(35) "/home/user/test.php"
    ["line"]=>
    int(9)
    ["function"]=>
    string(1) "C"
    ["args"]=>
    array(0) {
    }
  }
  [1]=>
  array(4) {
    ["file"]=>
    string(35) "/home/user/test.php"
    ["line"]=>
    int(5)
    ["function"]=>
    string(1) "B"
    ["args"]=>
    array(0) {
    }
  }
  [2]=>
  array(4) {
    ["file"]=>
    string(35) "/home/user/test.php"
    ["line"]=>
    int(2)
    ["function"]=>
    string(1) "A"
    ["args"]=>
    array(1) {
      [0]=>
      string(1) "a"
    }
  }
}

To ignore function arguments, you can use var_dump(debug_backtrace(DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS));.

Use An Exception Trace To Reduce Memory Use

Some users on StackOverflow and the PHP manual website say that backtrace can cause memory problems with very large applications. If you encounter this, you could instead try printing the call stack with:

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$e = new Exception();
var_dump($e->getTraceAsString());

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Why Sentry?

Features

How do I print the call stack in PHP?

The ProblemJump To Solution

The Solution

Print Without Function Parameters

Print Full Details

Use An Exception Trace To Reduce Memory Use

Further Reading

How do I print the call stack in PHP?

The Solution

Print Without Function Parameters

Print Full Details

Use An Exception Trace To Reduce Memory Use

Further Reading

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