Write one or more lines to a file in Python
David Y.
The Problem
What is the correct way to write lines to a file in Python?
The Solution
The standard way to write a single line to a file in Python 3 is as follows:
with open('my_file.txt', 'a') as f: f.write('A new line.\n')
First, we use a with statement to wrap our write actions between the file’s opening and closing. This is a more succinct and Pythonic way of writing the following:
f = open('my_file.txt', 'a') f.write('A new line.\n') f.close()
Using with means we don’t have to remember to close the file after writing to it.
We use Python’s open() function to open the file and create a corresponding file object, f. The second argument specifies the opening mode. Files can be opened in a number of different modes, most commonly 'r' for reading and 'w' for writing. The mode we’ve used here, 'a', is short for append. It is similar to opening the file for writing, but will ensure that any lines we write are appended to the end of the file. Standard 'w' writing mode, by contrast, would cause us to overwrite the file from the first line.
With the file open, we call f.write() with the line to write. We conclude the line with a newline character, \n. You may have heard that line terminators differ between operating systems – Unix-based systems use \n, whereas Microsoft Windows uses \r\n. Fortunately, Python abstracts this detail and we can just use \n regardless of our operating system.
If we want to write more than one line to our file, there are a few ways to go about it. First, if we know exactly what lines to write, we can use a string with multiple \ns, or a multi-line triple-quoted string.
with open('my_file.txt', 'a') as f: f.write('A new line.\nA second new line.')
with open('my_file.txt', 'a') as f: f.write("""A new line A second new line.""")
If we want to write lines from a list, we can use f.writelines():
lines = ['A new line.', 'A second new line.'] with open('my_file.txt', 'a') as f: f.writelines(lines)
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