Create a new Git branch from an existing branch
David Y.
—The Problem
How can I create a new branch in my Git repository based on an existing branch?
The Solution
When creating a new branch, Git will automatically use the currently checked-out branch as a base. Let’s say our repository has two branches: main and dev. We want to create a feature branch based on the dev branch.
If we’re already on the dev branch, we can go ahead and create a new branch with the following git checkout command:
git checkout -b feature
The -b flag creates the new branch feature, which is now our repository’s current branch.
If we’re on the main branch, we will need to modify our command to specify dev as the base for our new branch:
git checkout -b feature dev
Regardless of the branch we started on, our repository will now be on the feature branch, which will have an identical history to the dev branch. We can now do our work on this branch and commit to it without affecting dev.
If we want to push this branch to a remote, we can use the following git push command:
git push -u origin feature
The -u flag ensures that feature is created in our remote repository and linked to our local feature branch.
Once we’ve completed the work we need to do on the feature branch, we can switch back to dev and merge it back in with these commands:
git checkout dev git merge feature
If no new commits have been made to dev since the creation of feature, Git will add all of the commits from feature to dev (this is called fast-forwarding). If commits have been made, git merge will create a new merge commit joining the branches – in some instances, we may need to resolve merge conflicts first.
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