How do I Conditionally add Attributes to React Components?

Matthew C.

—December 15, 2022

The ProblemThe Problem

You have an attribute or property that you would like to conditionally add to your component or element. How do you do this?

Let’s say that we have a submit button that we would like to disable if a particular checkbox, such as a checkbox asking the user if they’ve read the terms of service, has not been checked.

The SolutionThe Solution

There are different ways to conditionally add attributes to components. The method you choose to use depends on personal or team preferences and how many attributes you want to conditionally render. The methods used, apart from the spread operator, can also be used for conditionally rendering components.

A React component tree is made up of host and non-host components. Host components are platform-specific. In a browser, a React element that renders an <input> DOM element is a host component. If a React host component attribute is set to null, undefined, or false, React will not pass the attribute to the DOM element. This is not true for non-host React components, such as a custom component that you define. In the example code below, if the checked state is false, the button will be disabled:

  <label>
    <input type="checkbox" checked={checked} onChange={handleChange} />
    I have read the terms of service
  </label>
  <button type="submit" disabled={!checked}>
    Submit
  </button>

Using a Boolean ValueUsing a Boolean Value

You can use a Boolean value to conditionally add an attribute to an element:

      <button type="submit" disabled={!checked}>
        Submit
      </button>

You can also cast values to a Boolean using the Boolean() function or the double NOT (!!) operator.

Using the Logical AND (&&) OperatorUsing the Logical AND (&&) Operator

You can use the logical AND (&&) operator to conditionally add an attribute to an element based on the output of a logical AND expression:

      <button type="submit" disabled={state.type === 'guest' && !checked}>
        Submit
      </button>

Using the Conditional (Ternary) OperatorUsing the Conditional (Ternary) Operator

You can use a ternary operator to conditionally add an attribute to an element based on the output of a ternary expression:

      <button type="submit" disabled={!checked} className={checked ? 'btn-enabled' : 'btn-disabled'}>
        Submit
      </button>

This is similar to using the logical AND (&&) operator. It takes a little longer to type but some programmers may find it more readable.

Using an If StatementUsing an If Statement

You can use an if statement to alter attributes if certain conditions are met, such as in the example code below:

  let disabled = false;

  if (state.type === "guest" && !checked) {
    disabled = true;
  }

  return (
    
    ...
    
    <button type="submit" disabled={disabled}>
        Submit
    </button>
  );

Using Spread SyntaxUsing Spread Syntax

You can use spread syntax to add multiple attributes at once. This is useful if you have many attributes that you want to add to an element or component. In the example code below, the <input> attributes are in an object. These are then conditionally changed using an if statement before spreading in the attributes to an element during rendering.

  const attributes = {
    type: "checkbox",
    name: "terms",
    id: "terms"
  };

  if (state.type === "guest") {
    attributes.required = false;
    attributes.disabled = true;
  }

  return (
    ...

    <input {...attributes} />

  );